Demographic, socioeconomic and medical predictors of sick leave among working-age population in Serbia

[S. B. Knežević]

192 lista

Uvod: Apsentizam predstavlja globalni javnozdravstveni problem koji opterećuje zaposlene, porodice, organizacije, zdravstveni sistem i društvo u celini i objektivni je indikator zdravlja zaposlenih. Cilj: Utvrditi demografske, socio-ekonomske i medicinske prediktore apsentizma radno sposobnog stanovništva Republike Srbije. Materijal i metod: Istraživanje dizajnirano kao studija preseka deo je nacionalne studije „Istraživanje zdravlja stanovništva Srbije 2019. godine", na reprezentativnom stratifikovanom uzorku od 4652 zaposlenih ispitanika (18 - 65 godina). Instrument istraživanja bio je standardizovani upitnik Evropskog istraživanja zdravlja - treći talas. Podaci su analizirani metodama deskriptivne statistike, χ² testom i binarnom logističkom regresijom. Rezultati: Učestalost apsentizma iznosila je 14,7% (kratkotrajni 12,1%, dugotrajni 2,7%). Ženski pol (OR = 1,382), starost 56 - 65 godina (OR = 1,745), najniži stepen obrazovanja (OR = 1,714), zaposlenost kod poslodavca (OR = 2,226) i nepuno radno vreme (OR = 1,874) predstavljali su prediktore apsentizma. Loša samoprocena zdravlja (OR = 3,047), dugotrajna bolest (OR = 1,968), funkcionalna ograničenja, malignitet (OR = 21,523) i povrede (OR = 7,132) povećavali su šansu za apsentizam. Gojaznost (OR = 2,145), pušenje (OR = 1,500), neredovno doručkovanje (OR = 2,065) i rizična upotreba alkohola (muškarci OR = 4,111; žene OR = 3,116) bili su prediktori apsentizma. Snažna socijalna podrška smanjivala je šansu za apsentizam za 57,6%, dok je nasilje na radnom mestu (OR = 2,225) povećavalo. Bolničko lečenje (OR = 7,590), posete lekaru opšte medicine (OR = 0,257), hirurgu u privatnoj praksi (OR = 3,259), dugo čekanje na pregled (OR = 9,834) i neostvarene potrebe za zaštitom mentalnog zdravlja zbog finansijskih prepreka (OR = 6,468) bili su prediktori apsentizma. Zaključak: Studija je identifikovala prediktore apsentizma značajne za javno zdravlje, unapređenje znanja, buduća istraživanja i kreiranje preventivnih programa za unapređenje zdravlja zaposlenih, smanjenje apsentizma i razvoj dostupne i efikasne zdravstvene zaštite u Republici Srbiji. Ključne reči: radno sposobno stanovništvo, apsentizam, hronične bolesti, zdravstveno stanje, socijalna podrška, životni stilovi, nasilje, korišćenje zdravstvene zaštite, nacionalno istraživanje zdravlja, Republika Srbija.

Background: Sick leave is a significant global public health issue that burdens employees, families, organizations, the healthcare system, and society, and is an objective indicator of employee health. Aim: To determine demographic, socio-economic, and medical predictors of sick leave among the working-age population of the Republic of Serbia. Material and method: This cross-sectional study is part of the national "Health Survey of the Population of Serbia 2019," conducted on a representative stratified sample of 4,652 employed respondents (18 - 65 years). The research instrument was the standardized European Health Interview Survey - wave 3 questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics methods, χ² test, and binary logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of sick leave was 14.7% (short-term 12.1%, long-term 2.7%). Female gender (OR = 1.382), age 56 - 65 years (OR = 1.745), lowest level of education (OR = 1.714), employment with an employer (OR = 2.226) and part-time work (OR = 1.874) were predictors of sick leave. Poor self-rated health (OR = 3.047), long-term illness (OR = 1.968), functional limitations, malignancy (OR = 21.523), and injuries (OR = 7.132) increased the chance of sick leave. Obesity (OR = 2.145), smoking (OR = 1.500), irregular breakfast (OR = 2.065), and risky alcohol consumption (men OR = 4.111; women OR = 3.116) were predictors of sick leave. Strong social support reduced the chance of sick leave by 57.6%, while workplace violence (OR = 2.225) increased it. Hospital in admissions (OR = 7.590), visits to a general practitioner (OR = 0.257), surgeon in private practice (OR = 3.259), long waiting lists (OR = 9.834), and mental health care financial difficulties (OR = 6.468) were predictors of sick leave. Conclusion: The study identified predictors of sick leave relevant to public health, knowledge advancement, future research, developing preventive programs to improve employee health, reducing sick leave, and developing accessible and efficient healthcare in the Republic of Serbia. Кey words: Working-age population, sick leave, chronic diseases, health status, social support, lifestyle behaviors, violence, healthcare utilization, National Health Survey, Republic of Serbia.

radno sposobno stanovništvo, apsentizam, hronične bolesti, zdravstveno stanje, socijalna podrška, životni stilovi, nasilje, korišćenje zdravstvene zaštite, nacionalno istraživanje zdravlja, Republika Srbija

Working-age population, sick leave, chronic diseases, health status, social support, lifestyle behaviors, violence, healthcare utilization, National Health Survey, Republic of Serbia

616-058(497.11)

Socijalna medicina

Tekst