Identification of high radon concentrations in objects: assessment of the effective dose and development of radiation protection measures

[D. M. Spasić]

[10], 120 listova

U zaštiti zdravlja stanovništva pažnja se posvećuje merenju radona u objektima, što predstavlja jedan od prvih koraka u podizanju svesti o zdravstvenom riziku usled izlaganja radonu i njegovim potomcima. Svetska zdravstvena organizacija preporučuje da koncentracija radona u zatvorenom prostoru ne prelazi 100 Bq m-3. U cilju zaštite stanovništva od izlaganja radonu, postoji preporuka Saveta Evropske unije, državama članica EU, da nacionalni referentni nivoi koncentracije radona u zatvorenom prostoru ne prelaze 300 Bq m-3. Strategije za prevenciju i smanjenje izloženosti radonu u zatvorenom prostoru podrazumevaju svođenje na niske vrednosti koliko je razumno moguće postići (ALARA princip) i uključuju: kreiranje nacionalnih referentnih nivoa za radon u zatvorenim prostorijama i vodi za piće; preporuke stanarima za smanjenje koncentracije radona u postojećim objektima ukoliko premašuju referentne nivoe; primenu mehaničke ventilacije i/ili radonske membrane u kombinaciji sa aktivnim ili pasivnim sistemom za odvod radona. Najdominantniji izvori radona u zatvorenom prostoru su tlo i stene bogate uranom koje se nalaze ispod objekata. Koncentracija radona u prostorijama uglavnom zavisi od sadržaja urana u zemljištu i stenama, emanacije, difuzije i ekshalacije radona, poroznosti i propustljivosti tla, karakteristika objekata (razmene vazduha, hermetičnosti zgrade i toplotne izolacije), ponašanja stanara i meteoroloških parametara. Predmet ovog istraživanja je identifikacija visokih koncentracija radona u objektima rudarskog područja „Trepča“ u okolini Kosovske Mitrovice, gde su na osnovu ranijih istraživanja zabeleženi visoki nivoi koncentracije radona u pojedinim objektima i visok sadržaj prirodnih radionuklida u zemljištu. Cilj istraživanja je procena efektivne doze i razvoj mera radijacione zaštite (protokola zaštite od radona) za izabranu test kuću.

In protecting public health, attention is given to measuring radon in buildings as one of the first steps in raising awareness about health risks due to exposure to radon and its progeny. The World Health Organization recommends that indoor radon concentrations should not exceed 100 Bq m-3 . To protect the population from radon exposure, the Council of the European Union recommends that EU member states set national reference levels for indoor radon concentrations not exceeding 300 Bq m- ³. Strategies for preventing and reducing indoor radon exposure aim to minimize levels as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA principle) and include: establishing national reference levels for radon in indoor air and drinking water; providing recommendations to residents on how to reduce radon concentrations in existing buildings if they exceed reference levels; by applying mechanical ventilation and/or radon membranes in combination with an active or passive ventilation system. The most dominant sources of radon in indoor spaces are soil and rocks rich in uranium located beneath buildings. The concentration of radon in rooms mainly depends on the uranium content in the soil and rocks, radon emanation, diffusion, and exhalation, soil porosity and permeability, building characteristics (air exchange, building airtightness, and thermal insulation), occupant behavior, and meteorological parameters. The subject of this research is the identification of high radon concentrations in buildings within the "Trepča" mining area near Kosovska Mitrovica, where previous studies recorded high radon levels in some buildings and high natural radionuclide content in the soil. The goal of the research is to assess the effective dose for occupants of residential and workspaces and to develop radiation protection measures (radon protection protocols) for a selected test house.

radon, identifikacija visokih koncentracija radona, detektori radona, energetska efikasnost, uticaj geologije, korelacija sa meteorološkim parametrima, procena efektivne doze, mere radijacione zaštite.

radon, identification of high radon concentration, radon detectors, energy efficiency, geological influence, correlation with meteorological parameters, assessment of effective dose, radiation protection measures.

539.16:546.296(497.115)(043.3) 621.387.4:546.296(497.115)(043.3)

Jonizujuće zračrnje - Detektori radona

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