Taxonomy, diversity and distribution of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) of Kosovo and Metohija

[S. R. Radosavljević]

[7], 145 listova

Predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije su kišne gliste iz familije Lumbricidae na teritoriji Kosova i Metohije. S obzirom na veliko bogatstvo lumbricidne faune na Balkanu i u Srbiji, pregledom relevantne literature utvrđeno je da je fauna kišnih glista na području Kosova i Metohije nedovoljno istražena. Stoga je cilj ove studije bio da se formira kompletna lista svih do sada evidentiranih vrsta na istraživanom području, sa podacima o distribuciji, ekološkim osobenostima i zoogeografskim karakteristikama, uz precizno kartografisanje njihove distribucije. Tokom višegodišnjih terenskih istraživanja evidentirano je 26 taksona iz 10 rodova. Objedinjavanjem ovih podataka sa ranije publikovanim rezultatima, kompletna lista kišnih glista Kosova i Metohije sada obuhvata 42 takona iz 13 rodova. Šest vrsta je po prvi put je registrovano za faunu Kosova (Aporrectodea handlirschi, Cernosvitovia paratuleskovi, Cernosvitovia strumicae, Cernosvitovia treskavicensis, Dendrobaena vejdovskii, Lumbricus meliboeus). Zoogeografska analiza pokazala je dominaciju peregrinih vrsta (33,33%), kao i prisustvo endema (26,19%). Zatim slede Trans-Egejski (14,29%), Centralno - evropski (11,90%) i alpski tip distribucije (7,14%). Najmanje su zastupljene cirkum-mediteranske, atlanto-mediteranske i ilirske vrste sa po 2,38%. Ekološke kategorije izražavaju ravnotežu između endogeičnih (42,86%) i epigeičnih vrsta (42,86%), dok anecične (9,52%) i hidrofilne vrste (4,76) imaju najmanju učestalost. Indeksi retkosti, biodiverziteta i ranjivosti varirali su po lokalitetima, pri čemu su najviše vrednosti zabeležene na lokalitetima u blizini nacionalnih parkova, koji su bili i očekivani s obzirom na veću očuvanost i biološku raznovrsnost tih područja. Osim toga, izvršena je procena ugroženosti vrsta u skladu sa IUCN kriterijumima, utvrđeno je pet ugroženih i jedna ranjiva vrsta. Primena QBS indeksa za procenu biološkog kvaliteta zemljišta ukazala je na značajne razlike između staništa, s najvišim indeksom na livadi, umerenim do dobrim kvalitetom za bukove i hrastove šume, dok najnižu vrednost imalo je obradivo zemljište. Bolje razumevanje uloge lumbricidne faune u zemljištu, predstavlja važan korak za zaštitu i očuvanje zemljišnog biodiverziteta.

The subject of this doctoral dissertation is earthworms from the family Lumbricidae in the territory of Kosovo and Metohija. Given the great wealth of lumbricidal fauna in the Balkans and Serbia, a review of the relevant literature has determined that the earthworm fauna in the territory of Kosovo and Metohija is insufficiently researched. Therefore, the aim of this study was to form a complete list of all previously recorded species in the research area, with data on distribution, ecological features and zoogeographic characteristics, along with precise mapping of their distribution. During several years of field research, 26 taxa from 10 genera were recorded. By combining this data with previously published results, the complete list of earthworms in Kosovo and Metohija now includes 42 taxa from 13 genera. Six species were registered for the first time in the fauna of Kosovo (Aporrectodea handlirschi, Cernosvitovia paratuleskovi, Cernosvitovia strumicae, Cernosvitovia treskavicensis, Dendrobaena vejdovskii, Lumbricus meliboeus). Zoogeographic analysis showed the dominance of peregrine species (33.33%), as well as the presence of endemics (26.19%). This is followed by the TransAegean (14.29%), Central-European (11.90%) and Alpine distribution types (7.14%). The least represented are the Circum-Mediterranean, Atlanto-Mediterranean and Illyrian species with 2.38% each. Ecological categories express a balance between endogeic (42.86%) and epigeic species (42.86%), while anecic (9.52%) and hydrophilic species (4.76) have the lowest frequency. The indices of rarity, biodiversity and vulnerability varied across localities, with the highest values recorded at sites near national parks, which was expected to be given the greater conservation and biodiversity of these areas. In addition, an assessment of species vulnerability was carried out in accordance with IUCN criteria, identifying five endangered and one vulnerable species. The application of the QBS index to assess the biological quality of land indicated significant differences between habitats, with the highest index in meadows, moderate to good quality for beech and oak forests, and the lowest value for arable land. A better understanding of the role of lumbricidal fauna in the soil is an important step for the protection and conservation of soil biodiversity.

kišne gliste, distribucija, zoogeografska analiza, ekološke forme, diverzitet, hotspot područja

earthworms, distribution, zoogeographical analysis, ecological forms, diversity, hotspot areas

574.1:595.141(497.15)(043.3)

Kišne gliste, analize

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