National innovation system efficiency and economic growth in developed and developing countries

[N. Vasilić]

X, 233 lista

Osnovni cilj istraživanja u disertaciji jeste analiza efikasnosti nacionalnih inovacionih sistema u razvijenim zemljama i zemljama u razvoju. Ona obuhvata ocenu efikasnosti procesa kreiranja i komercijalizacije znanja, kao i celokupnog inovacionog procesa, uz identifikaciju determinanti efikasnosti. Takođe, istražuje se i uticaj efikasnosti nacionalnih inovacionih sistema na ekonomski rast u ovim zemljama. Uzorak sačinjavaju 32 razvijene i 24 zemlje u razvoju. Istraživanje obuhvata period 2015-2019. U svrhu ostvarivanja istraživačkih ciljeva primenjene su različite metode. Efikasnost je ocenjena pomoću dvostepene kooperativne mrežne analize obavijanja podataka, dok je za identifikovanje faktora inovacionog okruženja koji utiču na efikasnost korišćena butstrapovana (engl. bootstraping) Tobit regresija. Uticaj efikasnosti nacionalnih inovacionih sistema na ekonomski rast analiziran je primenom butstrapovane regresije metodom običnih najmanjih kvadrata. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da razvijene zemlje ostvaruju znatno veću efikasnost u sprovođenju inovacionog procesa u poređenju sa zemljama u razvoju. U razvijenim zemljama, kao ključne determinante efikasnosti inovacionog procesa izdvajaju se dostupnost rizičnog kapitala, upotreba informacionokomunikacionih tehnologija i zaštita prava intelektualne svojine, dok u zemljama u razvoju nijedan od analiziranih faktora nije prepoznat kao značajan za objašnjenje promena u nivou efikasnosti. Povećana efikasnost inovacionog procesa pozitivno utiče na ekonomski rast u razvijenim i zemljama u razvoju. Međutim, u zemljama u razvoju ovaj efekat se gubi nakon isključivanja Kine i Indije, koje se izdvajaju ekstremno visokim nivoima efikasnosti inovacionog procesa. Razvijene zemlje treba da nastave sa jačanjem ekonomskih politika, s posebnim fokusom na podršku inovacijama kao ključnom faktoru održivog rasta i razvoja. Zemlje u razvoju moraju da se fokusiraju na sveobuhvatne strukturne promene koje će stvoriti preduslove za efikasniju transformaciju raspoloživih istraživačko-razvojnih resursa u inovacije, ako žele da smanje svoj ekonomski zaostatak za razvijenim zemljama.

The main objective of the research in this dissertation is to analyze the efficiency of national innovation systems in developed and developing countries. It includes an evaluation of the efficiency of knowledge creation and commercialization processes, as well as the overall innovation process, with the identification of efficiency determinants. Additionally, the research examines the impact of the efficiency of national innovation systems on economic growth in these countries. The sample consists of 32 developed and 24 developing countries. The research covers the period from 2015 to 2019. To achieve the research objectives, various methods were applied. Efficiency was assessed through a two-stage cooperative network data envelopment analysis, while bootstrap Tobit regression was used to identify factors within the innovation environment that influence efficiency. The impact of the efficiency of national innovation systems on economic growth was analyzed using bootstrap ordinary least squares regression. The research results indicate that developed countries achieve significantly higher efficiency in implementing the innovation process compared to developing countries. In developed countries, key determinants of the efficiency of the innovation process include the availability of venture capital, the use of information and communication technologies, and the protection of intellectual property rights. In contrast, in developing countries, none of the analyzed factors were recognized as significant in explaining changes in the level of efficiency. Increased innovation process efficiency positively impacts economic growth in both developed and developing countries. However, in developing countries, this effect diminishes after excluding China and India, which stand out due to their exceptionally high levels of innovation process efficiency. Developed countries should continue strengthening economic policies, with a particular focus on supporting innovation as a key driver of sustainable growth and development. Developing countries should focus on comprehensive structural changes that will create the conditions for more efficient transformation of available research and development resources into innovations if they wish to reduce their economic gap with developed countries.

nacionalni inovacioni sistem, inovacije, znanje, istraživanje i razvoj, inovaciono okruženje, poslovno okruženje, ekonomski rast, analiza obavijanja podataka.

national innovation system, innovation, knowledge, research and development, innovation environment, business environment, economic growth, data envelopment analysis.

330.342:001.895 001.895

Ekonomski sistem

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