Lifestyles as predictors of obesity in children of secondary school age in Serbi

[M. R. Grujičić]

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Uvod: Jedan od javnozdravstvenih problema u adolescentskoj populaciji je sve veća gojaznost. Cilj ovog rada je da utvrdi kakve su navike u ishrani srednjoškolske dece uzrasta 15-19 godina, kakva im je fizička aktivnost i životni stil, da se proceni njihova uhranjenost i utvrde razlike u odnosu na socio-demografske karakteristike. Metod: Ispitivanje je dizajnirano kao studija preseka, sprovedeno na teritoriji Republike Srbije i njime nije obuhvaćena populacija koja živi na teritoriji AP KiM. Primarna ciljna populacija su bila deca uzrasta 15-19 godina. Podaci iz četvrtog nacionalnog Istraživanja zdravlja stanovništva realizovani od strane Ministarstva zdravlja Republike Srbije su korišćeni za ovo istraživanje, u skladu sa metodologijom i instrumentima Evropskog istraživanja zdravlja-treći talas. Rezultati: 74,8% ispitanika je sa normalnom uhranjenošću, predgojazno je 14,2%, gojazno 7,3%, a pothranjeno je 3,6%. Dečaci su u većem procentu predgojazni i gojazni, dok su devojčice u većem procentu pothranjene i normalno uhranjene. Sa starošću ispitanika se smanjuje učešće predgojaznih i gojaznih srednjoškolaca, a deca siromašnija po indeksu blagostanja su u većem procentu bila predgojazna i gojazna. Navike u ishrani srednjoškolaca su povezane sa nivoom uhranjenosti što je dokazano upotrebom Hi-kvadrat testa. U univarijantnom modelu kao značajni prediktori prekomerne telesne mase izdvojili su se muški pol, mlađi uzrast i region Vojvodine, što je potvrđeno multivarijantom regresijom. Zaključak: Gojaznost predstavlja hroničnu nezaraznu bolest, epidemijskih razmera i predstavlja važno pitanje u sektoru javnog zdravlja. Prevencija gojaznosti mora otpočeti u detinjstvu.

Introduction: One of the public health problems in the adolescent population is increasing obesity. The aim of this study is to determine what are the eating habits of high-school children aged 15-19 years, what are their physical activity and lifestyle, to assess their nutrition status and determine differences in relation to sociodemographic characteristics. Method: The survey was designed as a cross-sectional study, conducted in the territory of the Republic of Serbia and did not include the population living in the territory of AP K&M. The primary target population was children aged 15-19 years. Data from the Fourth National Population Health Survey implemented by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia were used for this research, in accordance with the methodology and instruments of the European Health Survey - Third Wave. Results: 74.8% of the respondents is with normal nutrition, 14.2% were pre-obese, 7.3% were obese, and 3.6% were underweight. Boys were more likely to be pre-obese and obese, while girls were more likely to be malnourished and normally nourished. The proportion of pre-obese and obese high school students decreases with the age of the respondents, and children who are poorer according to the well-being index are more likely to be pre-obese and obese. The dietary habits of high school students are associated with the level of nutrition, as proven by the chi-square test. In the univariate model, male gender, younger age, and the region of Vojvodina stood out as significant predictors of excess body weight, which was confirmed by multivariate regression. Conclusion: Obesity is a chronic non-communicable disease of epidemic proportions and represents an important issue in the public health sector. Obesity prevention must begin in childhood.

gojaznost, navike u ishrani, javno zdravlje, srednjoškolski uzrast, Srbija

obesity, eating habits, public health, high school age, Serbia

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