Tree growth, productivity, fruit quality and leaf mineral composition of pear (Pyrus communis L.) depending on fertilizers

[R. R. Ilić]

118, [5] listova

Tokom četiri uzastopne godine (2015–2018.) ispitivan je uticaj organskih (goveđi stajnjak i Humus Vita Stallatico, HVS), mineralnih [krečni amonijum nitrat sa 27% ukupnog azota (KAN), kompleksno NPK mineralno đubrivo (5-10-22)], organomineralnih (Multi-Comp Base, MCB) hraniva i prirodnih zeolita (Agrozel) na vegetativni rast, rodnost, fizičke i hemijske osobine ploda i mineralnu kompoziciju lista sorte kruške Vilijamovke. Istraživanja su obavljena po standardnoj metodologiji u proizvodnom zasadu kruške u ekološkim uslovima Čačka. Rezultati su pokazali da su, kod većine ispitivanih parametara, primenjena hraniva, godina ispitivanja i njihova međusobna interakcija imali značajnog uticaja. Analizom varijanse je zaključeno da ishrana, bez obzira na vrstu hraniva, značajno utiče na povećanje vegetativne mase i prinosa plodova kruške. Organska hraniva, kao što su Stajnjak i Agrozel su se pokazala kao sporodelujuća hraniva, tako da su pozitivni rezultati sa njihovom primenom dobijeni pred kraj eksperimenta. Kada je u pitanju unutrašnji kvalitet ploda, posebno su se sa pozitivnim uticajem istakla hraniva kao što su Agrozel, NPK, KAN. MCB je imao pozitivan efekat na sadržaj šećera u plodu. Ishrana i godina ispitivanja su značajno uticali i na sadržaj makro- i mikroelemenata u listu kruške Vilijamovke 60 dana nakon punog cvetanja. Zbog velikih variranja, zaključuje se da je najoptimalnija kombinovana primena organskih i mineralnih hraniva. Kod većine ispitivanih parametara uočena je značajna interakcija hranivo × godina, pri čemu je najbolji efekat svih primenjenih hraniva bio u godinama sa više padavina.

In four consecutive years (2015-2018), the influence of organic (manure and Humus Vita Stallatico, HVS), mineral [calcium ammonium nitrate with 27% total nitrogen (CAN), complex NPK mineral fertilizer (10-30-20)], organo-mineral (Multi-Comp Base, MCB) fertilizers and natural zeolites (Agrozel) on vegetative growth, fertility, physical and chemical properties of fruit and mineral composition of the leaves of pear cv. William’s was investigated. The study was conducted according to the standard methodology in a production pear orchard under Čačak ecological conditions. The results showed that for most of the investigated parameters, the applied fertilizers, the experimental year and their mutual interaction had a significant influence. The analysis of variance showed that fertilization, regardless of the type of fertilizer, had a significant effect on increasing the vegetative growth and yield of pear fruit. Organic fertilizers such as manure and Agrozel proved to be slow-acting fertilizers, so positive results with their application were obtained towards the end of the experiment. As far as the internal quality of the fruit is concerned, fertilizers such as Agrozel, NPK, KAN had a positive effect. MCB had a positive effect on the sugar content of the fruit. Fertilizer and experimental year had a significant influence on the content of macroand microelements in the William’s pear leaf 60 days after full bloom. Due to the large fluctuations, it is concluded that a combined application of organic and mineral nutrients is the most optimal. A significant interaction between fertilizer and year was found for most of the parameters studied, with the best effect of all fertilizers applied occurring in years with more precipitation.

Kruška, Vilijamovka, ishrana, vegetativni rast, osobine ploda.

pear, William’s, fertilization, vegetative growth, fruit characteristics.

634.13:631.8(043.3)

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