Quality parameters of alfalfa and red clover silages depending on the species proportion in the mixture, compaction and additives

[Đ. M. Lazarević]

121, [5] listova

Problem koji se javlja pri siliranju lucerke je proces proteolize koji se delimično može izbeći. Na smanjenje obima proteolize može uticati siliranje u smeši sa crvenom detelinom, zatim određeni aditivi, kao i intenzitet sabijenosti. Istraživanje je sprovedeno sa ciljem utvrđivanja uticaja smeše lucerke i crvene deteline, pomešanih u različitim odnosima (100:0, 90:10, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 i 0:100), uz dodatak aditiva – dve doze ekstrakta hrastovog tanina (6 g kg-1 SM i 12 g kg-1 SM) i bakterijskog inokulanta (Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus plantarum i Bacillus brevis), kao i različitih sabijenosti (700 g dm-3 i 550 g dm-3 ) na hemijski sastav, svarljivost, hranljivu vrednost, kvalitet fermentacije i mikrobiološke osobine silaža. Sadržaj amonijačnog i rastvorljivog azota u ukupnom azotu ukazuje da je crvena detelina pozitivno uticala na smanjenje proteolize u smeši u odnosu na čistu kulturu lucerke. Efikasni u ovom pogledu su se takođe pokazali bakterijski inokulant i hrastov tanin u količini od 6 g kg-1 SM, smanjivši sadržaj amonijačnog i rastvorljivog azota silaže u odnosu na kontrolu. Sabijenost od 700 g dm-3 se pokazala pogodnijom u pogledu sadržaja amonijačnog azota u ukupnom azotu koji je bio značajno niži od sadržaja pri sabijenosti intenziteta 550 g dm-3 . Sadržaj neproteinskog azota je kod čiste kulture crvene deteline, kao i kod smeše sa 30% lucerke i 70% crvene deteline bio značajno niži u odnosu na ostale smeše. Siliranje u smeši sa crvenom detelinom je pozitivno uticalo na smanjenje proteolize kod lucerke.

A problem that occurs when ensiling alfalfa is the proteolysis process, which can partialy be avoided. The reduction of the extent of proteolysis can be influenced by ensiling in a mixture with red clover, then certain additives, as well as the intensity of compaction. The research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of a mixture of alfalfa and red clover, mixed in different ratios (100:0, 90:10, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70 and 0:100), with the addition of additives - two doses of oak tannin extract (6 g kg-1 DM and 12 g kg-1 DM) and bacterial inoculant (Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus plantarum and Bacillus brevis), as well as different compactions (700 g dm-3 and 550 g dm-3 ) on chemical composition, digestibility, nutritional value, fermentation quality and microbiological properties of silage. The content of ammonia and soluble nitrogen in total nitrogen indicates that red clover had a positive effect on the reduction of proteolysis in the mixture compared to the pure culture of alfalfa. Bacterial inoculant and oak tannin in the amount of 6 g kg-1 DM also proved to be effective in this regard, reducing the ammonia and soluble nitrogen content of the silage compared to the control. The compaction of 700 g dm-3 proved to be more suitable in terms of the content of ammonia nitrogen in the total nitrogen, which was significantly lower than the content at the compaction intensity of 550 g dm-3 . The content of non-protein nitrogen in the pure culture of red clover, as well as in the mixture with 30% alfalfa and 70% red clover, was significantly lower compared to the other mixtures. Ensiling in mixture with red clover had a positive effect on the reduction of proteolysis in alfalfa.

inokulacija, lucerka, sabijenost, silaža, smeša, tanin, crvena detelina

alfalfa, compaction, inoculation, mixture, red clover, silage, tannin

636.085.52:633.31/.32]:579.864(043.3)

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