Effect of calcium chloride on apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) fruit quality during storage

[B. V. Rilak]

158, [5] listova

Tokom trogodišnjeg perioda (2018–2021.) ispitivan je uticaj folijarnog hraniva na bazi kalcijum-hlorida i dužine skladištenja u hladnjači sa normalnom atmosferom na fizičke i hemijske osobine ploda pet sorti jabuke. Pored navedenog, praćen je i uticaj primene folijarnog hraniva na rodnost proučavanih sorti jabuke. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da prinos nije varirao u zavisnosti od folijarnog tretmana, već da je bio sortno specifičan. Najbolji rezultati u ovom pogledu zabeleženi su kod sorti ‘Gloster’ i ‘Red Chief’, a najlošiji kod sorte ‘Granny Smith’. Folijarna primena kalcijum-hlorida je pozitivno uticala na čvrstinu ploda proučavanih sorti jabuke ali nije uticala na smanjenje gubitka mase ploda. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da je optimalna dužina skladištenja plodova u hladnjači sa normalnom atmosferom za sorte ‘Gloster’, ‘Golden Delicious Reinders®’, ‘Morren’s Jonagored®’ i ‘Red Chief’ iznosila četiri meseca, a za plodove sorte ‘Granny Smith’ šest meseci. Hemijski sastav ploda proučavanih sorti jabuke u najvećem broju slučajeva bio je uslovljen interakcijom faktora varijabilnosti. Tokom skladištenja je uočen trend pada sadržaja ukupnih kiselina u plodu, dok u pogledu sadržaja rastvorljivih suvih materija, ukupnih i invertnih šećera i saharoze nije uočena pravilnost u tendenciji rezultata. Folijarni tretmani su ispoljili pozitivan uticaj na sadržaj ukupnih fenola i antioksidativni kapacitet ploda čije su se vrednosti tokom skladištenja smanjivale. Sadržaj makroelemenata u plodu je takođe bio uslovljen interakcijom tretmana i dužine skladištenja, sa tim da se uočava pravilnost da je veći sadržaj kalcijuma i više vrednosti odnosa između sadržaja kalcijuma i magnezijuma utvrđene pri primeni kalcijum-hlorida.

An experiment was conducted over three years (2018–2021) to examine the effects of foliar fertilization with calcium chloride and the duration of cold storage under normal atmosphere conditions on the physical and chemical properties of the fruit of five apple cultivars. The study also evaluated the effect of the foliar fertilizer application on the fruit yield of the apple cultivars. The experimental results showed that yield variations were not dependent on foliar treatment, but were rather cultivar-specific, with cvs. ‘Gloster’ and ‘Red Chief’ exhibiting the best performance and cv. ‘Granny Smith’ the worst. The foliar spray of calcium chloride had a positive effect on apple fruit firmness. The treatment did not cause a reduction in fruit weight loss. The optimal duration of cold storage under normal atmosphere conditions was four months for ‘Gloster’, ‘Golden Delicious Reinders®’, ‘Morren’s Jonagored®’ and ‘Red Chief’ apples, and six months for ‘Granny Smith’ fruits. The chemical composition of the fruit was mostly governed by the interaction between main variability factors. During storage, the total acid content of the fruit showed a decreasing trend, whereas no pattern in the trend of data was observed for soluble solids, total sugar, invert sugar and sucrose contents. Foliar treatments had a positive effect on the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of apple fruits; their values decreased during storage. Macronutrient levels in apple fruits were also affected by the treatment x storage duration interaction, with a pattern found in the data showing increased calcium levels and a higher calcium to magnesium ratio under calcium chloride treatment.

Malus × domestica Borkh., sorta, folijarno hranivo, dužina skladištenja, jabuka, kvalitet ploda.

Malus × domestica Borkh., cultivar, foliar fertilizer, storage duration, apple, fruit quality.

634.11:631.821]:631.563(043.3)

Tekst