Constitutional preconditions for the prohibition child labor

[M. M. Vujović]

222 str.

U razvoju ljudske civilizacije su, bez sumnje, učestvovala i deca, koja su obavljala različite vrste poslova, često i izrazito teške fizičke poslove. U svetu je dečji rad i danas veoma zastupljen. Dečji rad je prisutan u raznim oblicima socijalnog života, a kao glavni uzroci njegovog nastanka ističu se siromaštvo, nedostatak obrazovanja, nezaposlenost, trgovina decom i slično. Smanjenje siromaštva je jedan od glavnih segmenata strategije koji su posvećeni eliminisanju dečjeg rada. Stoga je predmet ove disertacije sagledavanje svih relevantnih faktora dečjeg rada i njihovog uticaja u procesu nastanka i realizacije dečjeg rada. Zabrana dečjeg rada podstaknuta je ne samo iz ekonomskih i moralnih razloga, već prvenstveno radi zaštite i unapređenja prava deteta, kao posebno osetljive i specifične kategorije. Početkom prošlog veka razvija se stanovište da prava deteta moraju biti zaštićena i priznata na jedan specifičan način, tako da su ova prava garantovana velikim brojem međunarodnih i domaćih pravnih instrumenata. Predmet interesovanja jeste normativna delatnost važnijih univerzalnih i regionalnih organizacija koje se bave problematikom dečjeg rada. Najznačajniji doprinos u procesu eliminacije dečjeg rada i u postupku poboljšanja uslova rada zaposlene dece dala je Međunarodna organizacija rada, kao specijalizovana agencija Ujedinjenih nacija. Sa normativno-pravnog i uporednog gledišta je, putem komparativne analize, utvrđen radno-pravni položaj maloletnika i dece u našoj zemlji i pojedinim zemljama u regionu (Crna Gora, Hrvatska i Bosna i Hercegovina).

Undoubtedly, children also participated in the development of human civilization, performing various types of work, often extremely difficult physical work. Child labor is still very prevalent in the world today. Child labor whose root causes can be found in poverty, lack of education, unemployment over population, human trafficking, etc. is present in various forms of social life. Poverty reduction is certainly one of the main segments of the strategy dedicated to the elimination of child labor. Therefore, the subject of this dissertation is an overview of all relevant factors of child labor and their influence in the process of creation and realization of child labor. The prohibition of child labor was encouraged not only for economic and moral reasons, but primarily for the protection and promotion of children’s rights as a particularly sensitive and specific category. At the beginning of the last century, the point of view was developed that the rights of the child must be protected and recognized in a specific way, so that these rights has been guaranteed by a large number of international and domestic legal instruments. The subject of interest is the normative activity of the most important universal and regional organizations that deal with the issue of child labor. International Labor Organization (ILO), as a specialized agency of the United Nations, has significantly contributed to removing child labor and improving the working conditions of employees. From the normative-legal and comparative point of view, through a comparative analysis, it was determined the labor-legal position of minors and children in our country and in certain countries in the region (Montenegro, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina).

dečji rad, uzroci, eliminisanje najgorih oblika dečjeg rada, međunarodne organizacije, međunarodni standardi rada, Republika Srbija

child labor, causes, elimination of the worst forms of child labour, the international organizations, international labor standards, Republic of Serbia

349.2(043.3)

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