ǂThe ǂEffects of Sensory Integration Treatment in Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Uvod: Poremećaji iz spektra autizma (PSA) karakterišu teškoće u socijalnim interakcijama, socijalnoj komunikaciji i repetitivno/stereotipno ponašanje uz izbegavanje promena. Najnoviji klasifikacioni sistem Američke Psihijatrijske Asocijacije (APA) DSM – 5 uključuje senzorne probleme kao dijagnostički kriterijum. Tretmani bazirani na senzornoj integraciji podrazumevaju aktivno učešće korisnika tretmana u multisenzornom okruženju - „Snoezelen“ sobi dizajniranoj da obezbedi višestruke mogućnosti za senzornu stimulaciju. Cilj: Utvrđivanje efekata tretmana na stereotipno/repetitivno ponašanje, socijalnu responzivnost i nivo senzorne integracije kao i na stepen izraženosti simptoma kod adolescenata i odraslih osoba sa PSA. Materijal i metod: Istraživanje je sprovedeno u periodu od 3 meseca u Beogradu, kod 40 ispitanika sa PSA, podeljenih u dve grupe, ekperimentalnu koja je imala 36 tretmana i kontrolnu bez tretmana. Studija se sprovodila u dve faze. Pre sesija: merene su funkcionalne oblasti skalama od strane defektologa i roditelja kod obe grupe ispitanika. Posle sesija: merenje je ponovljeno. Rezultati: Uticaj tretmana senzorne integracije u Snoezelen sobi kod PSA se pokazao u pogledu smanjenja stepena izraženosti simptoma i održanja i/ili smanjenja prisutnosti repetitivnog i stereotipnog ponašanja i poremećaja socijalne responzivnosti. Nije uspostavljena veza između disfunkcije senzorne integracije i izraženosti simptoma PSA. Zaključak: Ishodi istraživanja sugerišu da tretman senzorne integracije u Snoezelen sobi utiče na prevenciju pogoršanja uz poboljšanje osnovnih karakteristika PSA.

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social interactions, social communication and repetitive/stereotyped behaviours with avoidance of changes. The latest classification system of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) DSM-5 includes sensory problems as a diagnostic criterion. Treatments based on sensory integration simply an active participation of users in a multisensory environment - Snoezelen room designed to provide multi-sensory stimulation opportunities. Objective: Determining the effects of the treatment on stereotyped/repetitive behaviour, social responsiveness and sensory integration level, severity degree of symptoms in adolescents and adults with ASD. Instruments and method: The research was conducted in the period of 3 months in Belgrade, involving 40 subjects with ASD, divided into two groups, the experimental had 36 treatments and the control had none. There were two stages - pre-session initial scales measurement of functional areas by therapists and parents for both groups; post-session measurement repeated. Results: The effects of sensory integration treatment in Snoezelen in individuals with ASD have shown symptom severity reduction and maintenance and/or decrease of repetitive/stereotyped behaviour and social responsiveness disorders. No relationship was found between sensory integration dysfunction and severity of ASD. Conclusion: The research outcomes suggest that the treatment of sensory integration in Snoezelen room has an impact on deterioration prevention while improving basic characteristics of ASD.

poremećaj iz spektra autizma, senzorna integracija, tretman senzorne integracije, Snoezelen soba, izraženost simptoma, repetitivno/stereotipno ponašanje, poremećaj socijalne responzivnosti

autism spectrum disorder, sensory integration, sensory integration treatment, Snoezelen room, severity of symptoms, repetitive/stereotyped behaviour, social responsiveness disorder

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