The influence of various modalities of physical activity on blood pressure and rat myocardial function

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Uvod: Kao multifaktorsko oboljenje koje ima visok epidemiološki značaj, hipertenzija pretstavlja hronično oboljenje koje zavređuje veliku pažnju naučne javnosti ali i šire zdravstvene zajednice. Još uvek, iako se pretpostavlja i nagađa o delovanju fizičke aktivnosti, nije poznato tačno dejstvo i objašnjenje na koji način može uticati na vrednost krvnog pritiska i kardiovaskularnu homeostazu, a naročito u odsustvu bilo kakvog patofiziološkog substrata. Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio ispitivanje i poređenje uticaja različitih modaliteta fizičke aktivnosti na kardiovaskularni sistem pacova u uslovima hipertenzije i normotenzije. Poseban osvrt ove studije je i na koncentraciju prooksidativnih i aktivnost antioksidativnih markera u plazmi pacova u uslovima fizioloških i patoloških vrednosti krvnog pritiska. Materijal i metode: Istraživanje je dizajnirano kao eksperimentalna studija sprovedena in vitro i ex vivo. U cilju ispitivanja različitih modaliteta fizičke aktivnosti, eksperimentalne životinje su bile podvrgnute četvoronedeljnom fizičkom treningu trčanjem umerenog i visokog inteziteta (High Intesity Interval Training-HIIT, Moderate Intesity Training-MIT). U toku i nakon toga, pratili smo vrednosti sistolnog i dijastolnog krvnog pritiska, srčane frekvence kao i vrednosti prooksidacionih i antioksidacionih markera u krvi hipretenzivnih i normotenzivnih pacova. Rezultati: Uticaj umerene kontinuirane fizičke aktivnosti na arterijski krvni pritisak je nedvosmislen koristan, u smislu smanjenja sistolnog krvnog pritiska kod hipertenzivnih pacova, dok je uticaj treninga visokog inteziteta u manjoj meri povoljan po vrednosti krvnog pritiska. Oba modaliteta fizičke aktivnosti, umerenog i visokog inteziteta značajno utiču na kontraktilnu sposobnost srca normotenivnih pacova, dok u uslovima hipertenzije trening umerenog inteziteta značajno povećava kontraktilni odgovor srca. Sa aspekta poređenja između ova dva protokola vežbanja primećeno je da HIIT promoviše jaču prooksidacionu reakciju i to kod hipertenzivnih životinja, dok je MIT povezan sa blažim poremećajem prooksidantne proizvodnje i boljim antioksidativnim odgovorom. Zaključak: Uopšteno posmatrano, pokretanje oba protokola vrše promenu funkcije miokarda i perfuziju u hipertenzivnim i normotenzivnim uslovima. Dobijeni rezultati daju originalan i bitan doprinos u razumevanju uloge različitih modaliteta fizičke aktivnosti u funkciji miokarda u uslovima normotenzije i hipertenzije, čime se otvara niz potencijalnih terapeutskih rešenja u lečenju hipertenzije, imajući u vidu epidemiološki i klinički značaj ovog patološkog entiteta.

Introduction: As a multifactorial disease of high epidemiological significance, hypertension is a chronic disease that greatly favors the scientific community and the wider community. Still, although it is assumed and speculated about the activity of physical activity, it is not known exactly what action and explanation can affect the value of blood pressure and cardiovascular homeostasis, especially in the absence of any pathophysiological substrate. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of various modalities of physical activity on the cardiovascular system of rats under conditions of hypertension and normotension. A special emphyse of this study is the concentration of prooxidative and activity of antioxidative markers in plasma rats in state of physiological and pathological blood pressure values. Material and methods: The study was designed as an experimental study conducted in vitro and ex vivo. In order to examine two various modalities of physical activity, experimental animals were subjected to four-week physical training by running moderate and high intensity (High Intensity Interval Training - HIIT, Moderate Intesity Training-MIT). During and after this, we monitored the values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and the values of prooxidant and antioxidant markers in the blood of the hypertensive and normotensive rats. Results: The influence of moderate continuous physical activity on arterial blood pressure is unambiguously useful in terms of reducing systolic blood pressure in hypertensive rats, while the effect of high intensity training is to a lesser extent favorable to the blood pressure value. Both modalities of physical activity, moderate and high intensity significantly influence the contractile ability of the heart of normotenive rats, while in conditions of hypertension, moderate intensity training significantly increases the contractile response of the heart. From the aspect of comparison between these two training protocols, it was observed that HIIT promotes a stronger prooxidation reaction in hypertensive animals, while MIT is associated with a mild disorder of prooxidant production and a better antioxidant response. Conclusions: In general, the initiation of both protocols alter the function of myocardium and perfusion in hypertensive and normotensive conditions. The obtained results give an original and important contribution in understanding the role of various modalities of physical activity in the function of myocardium in conditions of normotension and hypertension, which opens up a series of potential therapeutic solutions in the treatment of hypertension, bearing in mind the epidemiological and clinical significance of this pathological entity.

fizički trening, funkcija miokarda, sistolni i dijastolni krvni pritisak, srce, pacov

physical training, myocardial function, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart, rat

599.323.4:616.12-008.331.1(043.3)

Pacovi - Srce - Hipertenzija - Doktorske disertacije

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